Tracking de 10 anos da aptidão física e capacidade funcional de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física / 10-Year tracking of fitness and functional capacity of adult women practicing physical activity of physical activity

Contexto e objetivo: Diversos benefícios são advindos da prática da atividade física durante o envelhecimento, porém poucos são os achados que apresentem os dados ao longo do tempo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a estabilidade das variáveis da aptidão física e capacidade funcional de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física em um período de 10 anos. Desenho e local: Estudo longitudinal com mulheres de São Caetano do Sul. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 157 mulheres com idade entre 45 e 86 anos (65,7 ± 6,7), analisadas em quatro intervalos de tempo: baseline, 6, 8 e 10 anos, todas praticantes de atividade física. A avaliação incluiu variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras e de capacidade funcional. A análise estatística utilizada foi o teste t de Student, correlação de Spearman Rho e delta percentual. O nível de significância adotado foi de P < 0,01. Resultados: Os resultados apresentaram correlações de estabilidade alta e significante (rho = 0,64 a 0,87) nos três grupos nas variáveis índice de massa corporal, adiposidade, força de membros superiores, flexibilidade e agilidade. O acompanhamento de 6 a 10 anos evidenciou diferenças significantes de força de membros superiores, inferiores, agilidade e equilíbrio, sendo expressa pela redução da força de membros superiores de 8% a 13%, força de membros inferiores de 18% a 21%, agilidade de 18% a 19% e equilíbrio de 28% a 34%. Conclusão: Houve estabilidade das variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras, capacidade funcional e equilíbrio de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física, mesmo apresentando redução significativa nas variáveis citadas anteriormente.

Concepções de idosos com hipertensão e/ou diabetes sobre qualidade de vida / Concepciones de las personas mayores con hipertensión y/o diabetes sobre la calidad de vida / Conceptions of elderly people with hypertension and/or diabetes about quality of life

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as concepções de qualidade de vida de idosos portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo II. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, e a estratégia de coleta de dados foi a técnica de Grupo Focal. Os dados foram analisados usando o programa de análise qualitativa - QDA miner e interpretados através da análise de conteúdo, proposta por Bardin. Os dados revelaram duas categorias: 'Concepções de Qualidade de Vida', que aponta para os elementos que atravessam a compreensão que os idosos têm da qualidade de vida e 'Relação entre Qualidade de vida e doença crônica', como a vivência da doença crônica está associada à qualidade de vida. Os dados indicam que as concepções de qualidade de vida de idosos com hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus passam pelo processo de convivência com a doença crônica, enfatizando a importância de fatores subjetivos, especialmente os recursos psicológicos e sociais dos idosos, que auxiliam no enfrentamento dos efeitos negativos das condições crônicas que interferem na qualidade de vida.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las concepciones de cualidad de vida de ancianos con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo de enfoque cual itativo y la estrategia para la recolección de datos fue la técnica de Grupo Focal. Los datos se analizaron usando el programa de análisis cualitativo-QDA miner e interpretados a través del análisis de contenidos propuesta por Bardin. Los datos revelaron dos categorías: "'concepciones de calidad de vida", ', que señala los elementos que pasan por la comprensión que los ancianos tienen de calidad de vida y "'la relación calidad de vida y enfermedad crónica" ' - cómo la experiencia de la enfermedad crónicas se asocia con la calidad de vida. Los datos indicaron que las concepciones de cualidad de vida de ancianos con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus pasan por el proceso de convivencia con la enfermedad crónica enfatizando la importancia de factores subjetivos especialmente los recursos psicológicos y sociales de los ancianos que ayudan en el enfrentamiento de los efectos negativos de las condiciones crónicas que interfieren en la cualidad de vida.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to understand the quality of life concepts in elderly people who suffers from arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It is a descriptive and exploratory study with qualitative approach, the data collection strategy was Focus Group Interviews. The software QDA Miner was used for qualitative data analysis and the Content Analysis Method proposed by Bardin was used for data interpretation. The data had disclosed two categories: 'concepts of quality of life', pointing to the elements that go through the understanding that the elderly have of the quality of life, and 'relation between quality of life andchronic illness' - how the experience of chronic disease is associated with quality of life. Data had indicated that the quality of life concepts in this population are related to the way they live with the chronic illness. The subjective factors are very important concerning the elderly people life with the chronic illness, mainly their psychological and social resources, that help them to fight the negative effects of chronic illness conditions in the quality of life.

Long-term non-progressor (ltnp) hiv infection. a case report of an 81-year-old woman / Infecção por hiv de longo prazo não progressor (ltnp). relato de caso de uma mulher de 81 anos / Infección por vih no progresiva a largo plazo (ltnp). reporte de caso de una mujer de 81 años

An 81-year-old woman, long-term non-progressor HIV infected, asymptomatic, not using ART, with a seven-year clinical follow-up in a reference unit, TCD4+ cell count values ranged from 719 to 1151 cells/µl, TCD8+ from 579 to 897 cells/µl and a viral load with higher value of 51 viral copies/ml but with undetectable results in most of the tests performed. The report of the long-term non-progressor HIV carrier aged over 80 years is somewhat unusual, considering the physiological/immunological changes that occur with the aging process concomitantly with HIV infection.

Mulher de 81 anos, infectada pelo HIV há muito tempo, não progressor, assintomática, sem uso de TARV, com acompanhamento clínico de sete anos em unidade de referência, os valores de contagem de células TCD4+ variaram de 719 a 1151 células/ µl, TCD8+ de 579 a 897 células/µl e uma carga viral com maior valor de 51 cópias virais/ml, mas com resultados indetectáveis na maioria dos testes realizados. O relato do portador de HIV de longa data não progressor com idade superior a 80 anos é um tanto incomum, considerando as alterações fisiológicas/imunológicas que ocorrem com o processo de envelhecimento concomitante à infecção pelo HIV.

Mujer de 81 años, infectada por VIH no progresor de larga evolución, asintomática, no usuaria de TAR, con seguimiento clínico de siete años en una unidad de referencia, los valores de recuento de células TCD4+ oscilaron entre 719 y 1151 células/ µl, TCD8+ de 579 a 897 células/µl y una carga viral con mayor valor de 51 copias virales/ml pero con resultados indetectables en la mayoría de las pruebas realizadas. El reporte de portadores de VIH no progresores a largo plazo mayores de 80 años es algo inusual, considerando los cambios fisiológicos/inmunitarios que ocurren con el proceso de envejecimiento concomitante con la infección por VIH.

Impactos reais e/ou potenciais da pandemia de Covid-19 na saúde mental de idosos / Real and/or potential impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health in older adults / Impactos reales y/o potenciales de la pandemia de Covid-19 en la salud mental de los ancianos

A pandemia de COVID-19 e as medidas de controle para conter a disseminação do vírus, como o distanciamento social, trouxeram mudanças à rotina das pessoas, mundialmente. Esse contexto pode gerar impactos adversos para a saúde mental dos indivíduos, especialmente, àqueles em maior vulnerabilidade, os idosos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar na literatura os impactos reais e/ou potenciais da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental de idosos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com buscas realizadas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, que utilizou a seguinte estratégia de busca: (Coronavírus OR "Infecções por Coronavirus" OR "Coronavirus Infections" OR COVID-19) AND (idoso OR elderly OR aged) AND ("Saúde Mental" OR "Mental Health"). Foram critérios de inclusão: artigos acessados na íntegra, sem distinção de ano e idioma, indexados até o dia 11 de novembro de 2020; e os critérios de exclusão: artigos com fuga do escopo da pesquisa, revisões de literatura, arquivos multimídia e duplicados. Foram encontrados 241 registros, e após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos restaram 27 artigos para discussão. Dentre os impactos reais/potenciais da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental dos idosos, abordados nos estudos, destaca-se a ansiedade, depressão, solidão, estresse, sensação de medo ou pânico, tristeza, suicídio/ideação suicida e insônia. Apesar disso, considera-se que há uma quantidade ainda escassa de estudos voltados especificamente para a população idosa que permitam aprofundar as discussões sobre esse tema.

The COVID-19 pandemic and control measures to contain the spread of the virus, such as social detachment, have brought changes to people's routine, worldwide. This context can generate adverse impacts on the mental health of individuals, especially those most vulnerable, the older adults. The aim of this study was to analyze in the literature the real and / or potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the older adults. It is an integrative literature review with searches performed in the Virtual Health Library, which used the following search strategy: (Coronavírus OR "Infecções por Coronavirus" OR "Coronavirus Infections" OR COVID- 19) AND (idoso OR elderly OR aged) AND ("Saúde Mental" OR "Mental Health"). Inclusion criteria were: articles accessed in full, without distinction of year and language, indexed until November 11, 2020; and exclusion criteria: articles with escape the scope of the research, literature reviews, multimedia and duplicate files, 241 records were found, and after applying the established eligibility criteria, 27 articles remained for discussion, among the actual / potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on older people, addressed in the studies, anxiety, depression, loneliness, stress, feeling of fear or panic, sadness, suicide / suicidal ideation and insomnia stand out. Despite this, there is still a small amount studies specifically aimed at the older population that allow further discussions on this topic.

La pandemia de covid-19 y las medidas de control para contener la propagación del virus, como el distanciamiento social, han supuesto cambios en la rutina de las personas en todo el mundo. Este contexto puede generar impactos adversos a la salud mental de los individuos, especialmente a los más vulnerables, los ancianos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar en la literatura los impactos reales y/o potenciales de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de los ancianos. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora con búsquedas realizadas en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, que utilizó la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: (Coronavirus OR "Coronavirus Infections" OR "Coronavirus Infections" OR COVID-19) AND (elderly OR aged) AND ("Mental Health" OR "Mental Health"). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos accedidos en su totalidad, independientemente del año y el idioma, indexados hasta el 11 de noviembre de 2020; y los criterios de exclusión: artículos que estuvieran fuera del ámbito de la investigación, revisiones bibliográficas, archivos multimedia y duplicados. Se encontraron un total de 241 registros, y tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos, quedaron 27 artículos para su discusión. Entre los impactos reales/potenciales de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de los ancianos, abordados en los estudios, destacan la ansiedad, la depresión, la soledad, el estrés, la sensación de miedo o pánico, la tristeza, la ideación suicida/suicida y el insomnio. A pesar de ello, se considera que todavía hay una escasa cantidad de estudios dirigidos específicamente a la población de edad avanzada que permitan profundizar en las discusiones sobre este tema.

A percepção da pessoa idosa sobre a sexualidade e a saúde sexual no envelhecimento / La percepción de los mayores sobre la sexualidad y la salud sexual en el envejecimiento / The elderly person's perception about sexuality and sexual health in aging

O processo de envelhecimento, geralmente, desencadeia mudanças físicas e psicológicas na população idosa, porém, isto não deve ser considerado um fator limitador da sua sexualidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa é conhecer a percepção dos idosos sobre sexualidade e saúde sexual no processo de envelhecimento. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, explicativa, de campo, com caráter qualitativo, realizada com idosos residentes em um condomínio social no município de Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas parcialmente estruturada, onde as perguntas e as respostas foram gravadas com o uso de dispositivo eletrônico e transcritas posteriormente. Os resultados demonstraram prevalência de idosos do sexo feminino (80%), com faixa etária entre 64 e 85 anos (70%), brancos (70%), casados (50%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (40%) aposentados e com renda de 1 salário mínimo (90%). Observou-se baixa escolaridade na maioria dos idosos e desconhecimento quanto a distinção entre sexualidade e o ato sexual, além do risco de contaminação por infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, pela não utilização de preservativo nas relações sexuais. O estudo revelou que ainda há carência de conhecimentos quanto a sexualidade da pessoa idosa, com uma visão estereotipada da sexualidade na velhice, como não sendo importante, tornando-se primordial o desenvolvimento de medidas políticas que possam conscientizar esse público.

The aging process usually triggers physical and psychological changes in the elderly population; however, this should not be considered a limiting factor for their sexuality. The objective of this research is to know the perception of the elderly about sexuality and sexual health in the aging process. This is an exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, field research, with qualitative character, carried out with elderly residents in a social condominium in the municipality of Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. Data were collected through partially structured interviews, where questions and answers were recorded using an electronic device and later transcribed. The results showed a prevalence of elderly females (80%), aged between 64 and 85 years (70%), white (70%), married (50%), with incomplete elementary school education (40%) retired and with an income of 1 minimum wage (90%). It was observed low schooling in most of the elderly and lack of knowledge about the distinction between sexuality and sexual intercourse, besides the risk of contamination by sexually transmitted infections, by not using condoms during sexual intercourse. The study revealed that there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the sexuality of the elderly, with a stereotypical view of sexuality in old age, as not being important, making it paramount the development of policy measures that can raise awareness of this public.

El proceso de envejecimiento suele desencadenar cambios físicos y psicológicos en la población de edad avanzada, sin embargo, esto no debe considerarse un factor limitante de su sexualidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la percepción de los mayores sobre la sexualidad y la salud sexual en el proceso de envejecimiento. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, explicativa, de campo, con carácter cualitativo, realizada con ancianos residentes en un condominio social en el municipio de Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas parcialmente estructuradas, en las que las preguntas y las respuestas se grabaron con el uso de un dispositivo electrónico y se transcribieron posteriormente. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de individuos de sexo femenino (80%), con una edad de entre 64 y 85 años (70%), con un nivel de vida bajo (70%), casados (50%), con una educación básica incompleta (40%) y con un salario mínimo (90%). Se observó una baja educación en la mayoría de los ancianos y falta de conocimiento sobre la distinción entre sexualidad y acto sexual, además del riesgo de contaminación por infecciones de transmisión sexual, al no utilizar preservativos en las relaciones sexuales. El estudio reveló que aún existe un desconocimiento sobre la sexualidad de las personas mayores, con una visión estereotipada de la sexualidad en la vejez, como si no fuera importante, por lo que es primordial el desarrollo de medidas políticas que puedan sensibilizar a este público.

Factores asociados a la salud y el bienestar en adultos mayores centenarios / Factors associated with health and well-being in centenarian older adults

Introducción: Con el aumento del nivel de vida y la mejora de los sistemas de salud no es raro alcanzar edades extremas de la vida. A inicios del año 2019, en la provincia Pinar del Río, se declararon 109 centenarios; de ellos, 9 correspondían al municipio Los Palacios, donde se mostró un incremento de 3 individuos en comparación con el año precedente. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y funcionalmente a los adultos mayores centenarios del territorio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en el municipio Los Palacios en el período enero-marzo de 2019. Población objeto de estudio: 9 centenarios, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta estructurada, el índice de Katz y el test de calidad de vida MGH. Se respetaron los criterios de inclusión y los principios de la ética médica. Resultados: Predominó la edad entre 100 y 104 años, el sexo masculino, el color de la piel blanca, la viudez, la convivencia con los hijos, el consumo de café y el déficit sensorial. Todos realizaron actividad física y sus hábitos alimenticios fueron saludables a lo largo de la vida. La mayoría no tuvo criterio de polifarmacia. En la evaluación funcional se analizó la calidad de vida y las alteraciones en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Conclusiones: El envejecimiento exitoso en las personas centenarias se caracterizó por tener buena salud percibida y cognitiva, mantener una actitud optimista ante la vida, buena red de apoyo social familiar, antecedentes de familiares longevos y estilos de vida saludables(AU)

Introduction: With the increase in living standards and the improvement of health systems, it is not unusual to reach extreme ages of life. At the beginning of 2019, in Pinar del Río Province, 109 centenarians were reported; of them, 9 belonged to Los Palacios Municipality, where there was an increase of 3 individuals compared to the previous year. Objective: To characterize clinically and functionally the centenarian adults from the territory. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out in Los Palacios Municipality, in the period from January to March 2019. The study population consisted of 9 centenarians, to whom a structured survey was applied: Katz index and MGH quality of life test. The inclusion criteria and the principles of medical ethics were respected. Results: There was a predominance of ages 100-104 years, the male sex, white skin color, widowhood, the condition of sharing house with children, coffee consumption and sensory deficit. All the patients did physical activity and their eating habits were healthy throughout life. Most of them did not have polypharmacy criteria. Regarding their functional assessment, quality of life and alterations in basic activities of daily life were analyzed. Conclusions: Successful aging in centenarians showed that they have good health, both cognitive and perceived, maintain an optimistic attitude towards life, have a good family social support network, a history of long-lived family members, and healthy lifestyles(AU)

Función de la senescencia endotelial en la fisiopatología del síndrome metabólico y el envejecimiento / Role of endothelial senescence in the physiotherapy of metabolic syndrome and ageing

Estimado director: Hemos leído con interés el artículo Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en la población dos consultorios del Policlínico Primero de Enero, de los autores Rivero Sabournin y otros.1 Dicho trabajo demuestra el potencial investigativo en la Atención Primaria de Salud, así como la pertinencia de este escenario en los estudios epidemiológicos. Para el desarrollo de la investigación sus autores se basan en los criterios de síndrome metabólico (SM) del National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III),1 aunque resulta imprescindible evaluar los criterios de la Clasificación Consensuada o Armonizada de Alberti y otros del año 2009,2 los cuales constituyen la guía más importante para la evaluación por parte del médico de cabecera de los pacientes que pudieran padecer de SM. Otro elemento importante en esta investigación es que se resalta la relación SM y envejecimiento, aunque no se argumenta cuáles pudieran ser los nexos entre ellos. Actualmente se considera que sea el endotelio (END) y la disfunción endotelial (DISF) la vía común de cada una de estas alteraciones como lo han propuesto varios autores: niveles elevados de ácidos grasos,3 envejecimiento,4 oxidación de LDL,5 hiperglucemia,6 niveles séricos de adipoquinas7,8 y las especies reactivas del oxígeno.9 Para un abordaje de esta relación SM-E-END sería necesario analizar que la base fisiopatológica del SM es la insulinorresistencia (IR) y que, precisamente, el endotelio tiene una función importante, donde la insulina (INS) logra desempeñar su función.8 En el endotelio se produce el factor de crecimiento similar a la INS (IGF, según sus siglas en inglés)9 y es donde se encuentran proteínas de membrana que sirven de transportadores a la INS. Una vez que se instaura el daño endotelial o la disfunción endotelial (DE), la pérdida...(AU)

The measurements of the similarity of dynamic brain functional network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Brain functional network changes over time along with the process of brain development, disease, and aging. However, most of the available measurements for evaluation of the difference (or similarity) between the individual brain functional networks are for charactering static networks, which do not work with the dynamic characteristics of the brain networks that typically involve a long-span and large-scale evolution over the time. The current study proposes an index for measuring the similarity of dynamic brain networks, named as dynamic network similarity (DNS). It measures the similarity by combining the "evolutional" and "structural" properties of the dynamic network. Four sets of simulated dynamic networks with different evolutional and structural properties (varying amplitude of changes, trend of changes, distribution of connectivity strength, range of connectivity strength) were generated to validate the performance of DNS. In addition, real world imaging datasets, acquired from 13 stroke patients who were treated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), were used to further validate the proposed method and compared with the traditional similarity measurements that were developed for static network similarity. The results showed that DNS was significantly correlated with the varying amplitude of changes, trend of changes, distribution of connectivity strength and range of connectivity strength of the dynamic networks. DNS was able to appropriately measure the significant similarity of the dynamics of network changes over the time for the patients before and after the tDCS treatments. However, the traditional methods failed, which showed significantly differences between the data before and after the tDCS treatments. The experiment results demonstrate that DNS may robustly measure the similarity of evolutional and structural properties of dynamic networks. The new method appears to be superior to the traditional methods in that the new one is capable of assessing the temporal similarity of dynamic functional imaging data.

O enfermeiro no cuidado à pessoa idosa: construção do vínculo na atenção primária à saúde / El enfermero en el cuidado al adultomayor: construcción del vínculo en la atención primaria de salud / Nurses in the care of older adults: building a bond in primary health care

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como o enfermeiro na Estratégia de Saúde da Família constrói o vínculo profissional com a pessoa idosa. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, com 30 enfermeiros de Estratégias de Saúde da Família de Joinville, entrevistados entre janeiro e março de 2018. Foi utilizado um instrumento de entrevista semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados conforme a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: os resultados que emergiram das categorias apontam a importância de reconhecer o território de atuação, aprimorar a escuta sensível para questões do envelhecimento, valorizar a individualidade da pessoa idosa e seu contexto, a necessidade de trabalhar com parcerias intersetoriais e entre a equipe multiprofissional realizando atividades coletivas de promoção e prevenção da saúde, visando a qualidade no cuidado e, esse modo de trabalho possibilita que os enfermeiros tornem-se protagonistas, referências no cuidar, otimizando a construção e o fortalecimento de vínculo com as pessoas idosas e equipe o que pode proporcionar maior adesão a estilos de vida saudáveis e ao tratamento de saúde. Considerações finais: os enfermeiros estão imersos a um processo de construção de vínculo em suas unidades, são protagonistas, referência para sua equipe e para pessoa idosa. No entanto, há que se perfazer um longo caminho até que essas habilidades estejam de acordo ao que se postula como melhores práticas de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo el enfermero en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia construye el vínculo profesional con el adulto mayor. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, con 30 enfermeros de Estrategias de Salud de la Familia de Joinville, entrevistados entre enero y marzo de 2018. Se utilizó un instrumento de entrevista semiestructurado. Los datos fueron analizados según el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: los resultados que surgieron de las categorías señalan la importancia de reconocer el territorio de actuación, mejorar la escucha sensible para cuestiones del envejecimiento, valorar la individualidad del adulto mayor y su contexto, la necesidad de trabajar con alianzas intersectoriales y entre el equipo multiprofesional, realizando actividades colectivas de promoción y prevención de la salud, buscando la calidad en el cuidado y, ese modo de trabajo posibilita que los enfermeros se vuelvan protagonistas, referencias en el cuidado, optimizando la construcción y el fortalecimiento de vínculo con los adultos mayores y el equipo que puede proporcionar mayor adhesión a estilos de vida saludables y al tratamiento de salud. Consideraciones finales: los enfermeros están inmersos en un proceso de construcción de vínculo en sus unidades, son protagonistas, referencia para su equipo y para la persona anciana. Sin embargo, hay que hacer un largo camino hasta que esas habilidades estén de acuerdo con lo que se postula como mejores prácticas de enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: tounderstand how Family Health Strategy nurses build a bond with older adults. Methods: qualitative research, with 30 nurses from the Family Health Strategies of Joinville, interviewed between January and March 2018. A semi-structured interview instrument was used. Data were analyzed according to thematic content analysis. Results: the results that emerged from the categories point to the importance of recognizing the territory of action, improving sensitive listening to aging issues, valuing the individuality of older adults and their context, the need to work with intersectoral partnerships and among the multidisciplinary team, carrying out collective health promotion and prevention activities, aiming at quality in care. This way of working allows nurses to become leaders, references in care, optimizing the building and strengthening of bonds with older adults and the team, which can provide greater adherence to healthy lifestyles and health care. Final considerations: nurses are immersed in a process of building a bond in their units, they are leaders, a reference for their team and for older adults. However, there is still a long way to go before these skills are in line with what is postulated as nursing best practices.

Actn3 gene polymorphism and factors associated with functional performance in elderly women assisted in primary health care / Polimorfismo do gene actn3 e os fatores associados ao desempenho funcional de idosas atendidas na atenção primária em saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze potential influences of the R/X genetic polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene, as well as of anthropometric and metabolic characteristics on the functional performance of elderly women assisted in primary health care. Method: One hundred and forty-one elderly women were assessed in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and functional aspects, in addition to clinical, cognitive and demographic characteristics. Allele and genotype frequencies of ACTN3 gene polymorphism were determined. Results: 141 elderly women (68.30 ± 6.18 years) were evaluated. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the RR and RX/XX genotypes in the elderly women's functional performance, anthropometric or metabolic characteristics. The TUG test completion time showed positive correlations with age, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat percentage (s = 0.315; p < 0.001; s = 0.238; p = 0.005; s = 0.174; p = 0.039; s = 0.207; p = 0.014), respectively. Negative correlations were found between the TUG test with absolute handgrip strength (s = - 0.314; p < 0.001) and relative handgrip strength (s = - 0.380; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, there were no influences from ACTN3 gene polymorphisms on the functional performance of the elderly women, which is influenced by other factors.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as potenciais influências do polimorfismo genético R/X do gene ACTN3 e das características antropométricas e metabólicas no desempenho funcional de mulheres idosas atendidas na atenção primária em saúde. Método: Cento e quarenta e uma idosas foram avaliadas em relação as características antropométricas, metabólicas, funcionais, aspectos clínicos, cognitivos e demográficos. Foram determinadas as frequências de alelos e genótipos do polimorfismo do gene ACTN3. Resultados: 141 idosas (68,30 ± 6,18 anos) foram avaliadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre os genótipos RR e RX/XX no desempenho funcional, características antropométricas ou metabólicas das idosas. O tempo de realização do TUG apresentou correlações positivas com idade, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e percentual de gordura (s = 0,315; p < 0,001; s = 0,238; p = 0,005; s = 0,174; p = 0,039; s = 0,207; p = 0,014) respectivamente. Correlações negativas foram observadas entre o TUG com força de preensão manual absoluta (s = - 0,314; p < 0,001) e relativa (s = - 0,380; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Em nosso estudo, não foram observadas influências dos polimorfismos do gene ACTN3 no desempenho funcional das idosas, sendo este, influenciado por outros fatores.

Factors associated with dynapenia in older adults in the northeast of Brazil / Fatores associados à dinapenia em idosos do nordeste brasileiro

ABSTRACT This study identified factors associated with dynapenia in older adults residing in a small town in northeastern Brazil. It is a population-based study conducted with 208 senior citizens (58.7% women) from Aiquara, BA. Sociodemographic, behavioral and health information were obtained from face-to-face interviews, and nutritional status was assessed by body mass index. To measure their level of physical activity and sedentary behavior, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Dynapenia was diagnosed by sex, from the 25th percentile of handgrip strength, by means of a hydraulic dynamometer. For inferential analyses, Poisson regression was used, with a robust estimator, calculation of Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). The prevalence of dynapenia was higher in older adults aged 70-79 (PR: 3.21; 95%CI: 1.55-6.64) and ≥80 years (PR: 4.91; 95%CI: 2.32-10.39), in those with low weight (PR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.26-3.82), in those who are insufficiently active (PR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.12-3.54), and among those with high level of sedentary behavior (PR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.19-2.98). The factors identified as being associated with dynapenia were: age between 70 and 79 and ≥80 years, insufficient level of physical activity; high level of sedentary behavior, and low weight.

RESUMO Este estudo identificou os fatores associados à dinapenia em idosos residentes em um município de pequeno porte do Nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo populacional, conduzido com 208 idosos (58,7% mulheres) de Aiquara-BA. As informações sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de condições de saúde foram obtidas em entrevistas face a face, e o estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal. Para mensuração do nível de atividade física e do comportamento sedentário, utilizou-se o International Physical Activity Questionnaire. O diagnóstico da dinapenia foi realizado por sexo, a partir do percentil 25 da força de preensão manual, averiguada com um dinamômetro hidráulico. Para análises inferenciais foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, com estimador robusto, cálculo das Razões de Prevalência (RP) e de seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC). A prevalência de dinapenia foi maior nos idosos com idade entre 70-79 (RP: 3,21; IC95%: 1,55-6,64) e ≥80 anos (RP: 4,91; IC95%: 2,32-10,39), nos com baixo peso (RP: 2,20; IC95%: 1,26-3,82), nos insuficientemente ativos (RP: 1,99; IC95%: 1,12-3,54) e entre os com elevado comportamento sedentário (RP: 1,88; IC95%: 1,19-2,98). Identificou-se que os fatores associados à dinapenia foram: idade entre 70-79 e ≥80 anos, nível de atividade física insuficiente; elevado comportamento sedentário e baixo peso.

Effects of table tennis practice on balance and physical fitness in the elderly / Efeitos da prática de tênis de mesa no equilíbrio e aptidão física em idosos

ABSTRACT The Table Tennis game does not involve large displacements by the practitioner in the environment, a characteristic that can promote greater safety for the elderly in locomotor terms. In addition, it needs coordination, agility, speed of reaction, dynamic balance, which have been the focus of current recommendations of physical activity for the health of adults and the elderly. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of table tennis practice on physical and functional fitness in the elderly. This quasi-experimental research with a parallel and controlled design. The sample consisted of 16 elderly people, allocated 8 in the experimental group (EG) and 8 in the control group (CG). The research lasted 18 weeks, with 2 weeks of evaluation (initial and final) and 16 weeks of intervention. Physical fitness assessments were carried out using the agility and balance and functional fitness tests. In the intra-group comparison (pre-post intervention), EG showed a significant difference for the variable agility (pre: 15.6 ± 1.2 s; post: 14.7 ± 0.7 s). Also, the EG showed a reduction in Area (pre: 11.00±3.32 cm2; post: 6.52±3.06 cm2), AP Amplitude (pre: 4.92±2.77 cm; post: 3.28±0.58 cm) and ML speed (pre: 2.77±1.07 cm/s; post: 2.31±1.03 cm/s) in the Tandem posture with eyes open. Our findings highlight the importance of a Table Tennis program, administered twice a week and consisted of low to moderate intensity activities, to promote a beneficial effect on the agility and balance of physically active elderly people.

RESUMO O jogo de Tênis de Mesa não envolve grandes deslocamentos do praticante no ambiente, característica que pode promover maior segurança ao idoso em termos locomotores. Além disso, precisa de coordenação, agilidade, velocidade de reação, equilíbrio dinâmico, que têm sido foco das atuais recomendações de atividade física para a saúde de adultos e idosos. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os efeitos da prática de tênis de mesa na aptidão física e funcional de idosos. Esta pesquisa apresenta delineamento quase experimental com um desenho paralelo e controlado. A amostra foi composta por 16 idosos, alocados 8 no grupo experimental (GE) e 8 no grupo controle (GC). A pesquisa teve duração de 18 semanas, sendo 2 semanas de avaliação (inicial e final) e 16 semanas de intervenção. As avaliações da aptidão física foram realizadas por meio dos testes de agilidade e equilíbrio e aptidão funcional. Na comparação intragrupo (pré-pós intervenção), o GE apresentou diferença significativa para a variável agilidade (pré: 15,6 ± 1,2 s; pós: 14,7 ± 0,7s). Além disso, o GE apresentou redução na Área (pré: 11,00±3,32 cm2; pós: 6,52±3,06 cm2), Amplitude AP (pré: 4,92±2,77 cm; pós: 3,28±0,58 cm) e velocidade ML (pré: 2,77±1,07 cm/s; pós: 2,31±1,03 cm/s) na postura Tandem com os olhos abertos. Nossos achados destacam a importância de um programa de Tênis de Mesa, administrado duas vezes por semana e composto por atividades de baixa a moderada intensidade, para promover um efeito benéfico na agilidade e equilíbrio de idosos fisicamente ativos.

Periodized combined training in physically active overweight women over 50 years

Abstract Aim: This quasi-experimental study, analyzes if periodized combined training's influence on plasma cytokine levels, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness in physically active women with overweight and/or obesity over 50 years. Methods: The sample was composed of 33 physically active women who were randomly allocated to three groups: Non-Periodized (NP) (n = 11); Undulating Periodization (UP) (n = 9); and Flexible Undulating Periodization (FUP) (n = 13). This study was conducted for 17 weeks, which included adaptation (weeks 1-3), baseline testing (week 4), training program (weeks 5-16), and post-evaluation (week 17). The training frequency comprised of three weekly sessions, with 30 min of aerobic exercise and 45 min of strength exercises. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results: No differences were observed in weight parameters, plasma levels of cytokines, and biochemical parameters in any group, before and after the completion of the training period. Participants demonstrated increase in strength of the upper limbs in the UP (p = 0.032) and FUP (p = 0.021) groups, an increase in aerobic fitness in the NP (p = 0.041) and UP (p = 0.005) groups, and an increase in the amount of time of vigorous activity per week in the NP group (p = 0.019). Conclusion: This study shows that periodized combined training in physically active women with overweight and/or obesity over 50 years proved to be beneficial for all groups; although, the UP group exhibited better performance.

Maltrato financiero a los adultos mayores. Policlínico "Carlos Manuel Portuondo", La Habana / Financial abuse of the elderly. "Carlos Manuel Portuondo" Polyclinic, Havana

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional impone complejos retos a la familia cubana. Uno de ellos es el maltrato financiero a los adultos mayores, tema insuficientemente abordado. Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de maltrato financiero en los adultos mayores, así como sus características. Material y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó a 175 adultos mayores de 60 años del policlínico Carlos Manuel Portuondo, entre enero y diciembre de 2018. Resultados: Se identificó maltrato financiero en 53.1 por ciento de los adultos mayores. Entre estos, predominó el sexo femenino, las edades entre 70 y 79 años, el padecer al menos una enfermedad crónica no transmisible, los viudos y jubilados. Las principales manifestaciones de maltrato reportadas fueron los préstamos sin devolución, las compras no autorizadas, negación de acceso al dinero propio y la presión para realizar trámites legales. Fueron los hijos los señalados como maltratadores con más frecuencia. Imperó además el sexo femenino, las edades entre 40 y 59 años, el nivel secundario de escolarización, los divorciados, las amas de casa. La mayoría tenía más de una persona a su cargo, no recibe ayuda económica externa y refirió antecedentes de atención por Salud Mental, mayormente debido a trastornos depresivo-ansiosos. Conclusiones: Se identificó la presencia de maltrato financiero en las personas mayores estudiadas, sus características, así como las de los presuntos maltratadores. Esta forma de violencia, a pesar de ser una de las menos abordadas, afecta a la población anciana y puede constituir un problema de salud(AU)

Introduction: Population aging imposes complex challenges to the Cuban family. One of them is financial abuse of the elderly, an issue that has been insufficiently addressed. Objectives: To determine the presence of financial abuse of the elderly as well as its characteristics. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study that included 175 adults older than 60 years attended at Carlos Manuel Portuondo polyclinic was carried out between January and December 2018. Results: Financial abuse was identified in 53.1percent of the elderly. Female sex, ages between 70 and 79 years, having at least one chronic non-communicable disease, widows and retirees predominated among them. The main manifestations of mistreatment reported were loans without refund, unauthorized purchases, denial of access to their own money and pressure to perform legal proceedings. The progenies were identified as the most frequent abusers. There was a prevalence of the female sex, ages between 40 and 59 years old, secondary level of education, divorced people, and housewives. Most of them had more than one person under their care, received no external financial help and reported a history of mental health care mainly due to depressive/anxious disorders. Conclusions: Financial abuse was identified in the elderly studied. This form of violence, despite being one of the least addressed, affects the elderly population and constitutes a health problem(AU)

Football society players over the age of 55: how stressful can a match be?

This study aimed atassessingthe physical activitylevel, heart rate and the salivary cortisol level of football society players.The sample consisted of 19 male mastersfootballplayerswith an average age of 56.7±3.9 years. The long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)andPolar®heart rate monitors were usedas instruments, in additionto Salivette® tubes to measure salivary cortisol. Data analysis was performed by using the repeated measuresAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoctest,and Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that the salivary cortisol concentration indicated an index of 1.97 ng/ml at the beginning of the match;40 minutes after that thesevalues increased to 8.00 ng/ml,and 60 minutesafter the match had started they reached 8.40 ng/ml. Considering the post-match moment, a moderate and positive correlation between the salivary cortisol concentration and heart rate (averageand maximum) wasseen. In conclusion,the physical effort expended during football Society practice needs to be monitored due to the high heart rate and high increase in the salivary cortisol concentrationofthis age group.

Influence of Alzheimer's disease on the relationship between nutritional status and risk of fall

Although malnutrition and risk of falls in the elderly have increased in recent years, uncertainties exist as to whether these conditions are associated after controlling for sociodemographic variables, body composition, metabolic condition, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to analyze the association between nutritional status and risk of fall in the elderly population. Participants were matched by gender and age, after they had been grouped on the basis of diagnosis of AD. The risk of falls, nutritional status, and mental status were assessed using the Downton Fall Risk Score (FRS), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), respectively. Logistic regression modelsadjusted for the main confounders were used in the analyses. Among the 68 elderly individuals studied, participants who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition were more likely to fall (odds ratio = 8.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.49-46.04) than those with normal nutritional status, regardless of gender, age, education, body composition, and metabolic condition. This association did not remain significant after adjustment for AD, a potential confounder in this association. Malnutrition or its risk was independently associated with high risk of fall; thus, malnutrition should be considered in the prevention of falls among the elderly population.

Functional limitation on elderly people in the northeast and the feminization of eld in urban and rural areas of Brazil

Population aging in Brazil increases on a large scale due to declining fertility and mortality. This phenomenon can be influenced by several factors (demographic, biological and social), making them determinants for the health conditions of the elderly populations residing in different geographic areas. The present study aims to identify the functional limitation in elderlyresidents of urban and rural areas of Brazil. This is a descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach. It was evidenced that the functional limitation for activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living are concentrated in the northeast region, mainly in the urban area. The following states presented the highest proportions of daily life activity limitation in urban areas: Alagoas (11.60%), Rio Grande do Norte (10.95%), Pernambuco (10.36%) and Paraíba (9.62%). For activities of daily living in the rural area were found in the states of Paraíba (12.19%), Maranhão (8.93%), Piauí (8.85%) and then Pernambuco (7.24%). Data from the functional limitation for instrumental activities of daily living again highlighted the Northeast region, with the states of Rio Grande do Norte (26.01%), Paraíba (25.96%), Maranhão (25.72%) and Alagoas (24.57%). Lastly, it was verified that the elderly woman exhibits greater proportions of functional limitation in relation to the elderly of the masculine sex, standing out again the northeastern region of the country.

Differences of body composition and physical strength among Japanese and Thai older adults living in Chiang Mai, Thailand: an inter-ethnic cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND@#The number of adults aged over 65 years is rapidly increasing in several Southeast Asian countries. Muscle mass decreases with age, leading to sarcopenia. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether differences exist in the body composition and physical strength, according to ethnicity, among community-dwelling Japanese and Thai older adults living in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.@*METHODS@#A survey was conducted in February and March 2019. Japanese and Thai adults aged ≥ 60 years living in Chiang Mai Province were recruited through community clubs. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that enabled collection of data on age, sex, educational background, marital status, annual income, current medical conditions, smoking and alcohol consumption, and exercise habits. Measurements were collected on height, weight, body composition, blood pressure, hand grip, and walking speed for 6 m. Body composition was measured using a standing-posture 8-electrode multifrequency bioimpedance analysis analyzer. Hand grip of each hand was measured with the patient in the standing position using a digital grip dynamometer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI).@*RESULTS@#Of the total 119 participants, 47 were Japanese (26 men, 21 women) and 72 were Thai (16 men, 56 women). The prevalence of a low SMI was 3/26 (12%), 1/21 (5%), 6/16 (38%), and 5/56 (9%) among Japanese men, Japanese women, Thai men, and Thai women, respectively. The prevalence of low muscle strength was 2/26 (8%), 2/21 (10%), 3/16 (19%), and 13/56 (23%) among Japanese men, Japanese women, Thai men, and Thai women, respectively. There were significant differences between ethnic groups in body mass index for both sexes, percentage body fat in women, SMI in men, and average grip strength in men. Ethnic group, sex, age, and body mass index were independent predictors of SMI.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Ethnicity had a clinically important effect on body composition and physical strength among older Japanese and Thai adults living in a similar environment.

Programa de yoga para mejorar el equilibrio y la flexibilidad en el adulto mayor de la fundación EMTEL, centro vida sur en Popayán ­ Colombia / oga program to improve balance and flexibility in the older adult of the EMTEL foundation, south life center in Popayan ­ Colombia

OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad de un programa de yoga sobre la flexibilidad y el equilibrio de la población adulta mayor de la fundación EMTEL, centro vida sur de Popayán Colombia. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de Enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño cuasi-experimental, de corte longitudinal y de tipo prospectivo. El estudio se realizó con 18 adultos mayores a quienes se evaluó la flexibilidad y el equilibrio antes y después del programa de yoga ejecutado durante 10 semanas. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó SPSS 23.0. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva e inferencial por medio de las pruebas de Wilcoxon y t-students según resultado de la prueba de normalidad Shapiro Wilks. RESULTADOS: Las pruebas que demostraron significancia estadística fueron chair-sit and reach-test (p=0.005) y foot up-and-go test (p=0,000). CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio comprobó que el programa de yoga es efectivo para la mejora de la flexibilidad del miembro inferior y el equilibrio dinámico, permitiendo un mejoramiento en la funcionalidad del adulto mayor.

INTRODUCTION: The eldest adult is a vulnerable population whose functionalityis affected, largely by the aging process and lifestyles, so it is necessary to generate programs that improve the physical condition of this population, such as yoga. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a yoga program on the flexibility and balance of the eldest adult population of the Foundation of the Telecommunications Company of Popayán Centro Vida Sur, Colombia. METHODOLOGY: Study of quantitative approach, quasi-experimental design, longitudinal cutting and prospective type. The study universe consisted of 86 older adults, of whom a non-probablist sample was determined at convenience with 18 older adults who were assessed for flexibility and balance before and after the yoga program executed for 10 weeks. SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied through Wilcoxon and t-students tests as a result of the Shapiro Wilks normality test. RESULTS: Tests that demonstrated statistical significance were chair-sit and reach-test (p=0.005) and foot up-and-go test (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: It was found in the study that the yoga program is effective for improving lower limb flexibility and dynamic balance, allowing an improvement in the functionality of the older adult.

Fatores relacionados à dificuldade de dormir em adultos e idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Factors related to difficulty sleeping in adults and older people registered with the Family Health Strategy

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores relacionados à dificuldade de dormir em adultos e idosos cadastrados em Unidades Básicas de Saúde com Estratégia Saúde da Família. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado em Três Lagoas (MS), com 300 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idades a partir de 45 anos, cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família do município. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado contendo questões sociodemográficas, de saúde e de rede de apoio social. A variável dependente dificuldade de dormir foi avaliada pela questão: "O(a) senhor(a) tem dificuldade de dormir?". Na análise dos dados, executou-se uma regressão logística binomial. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dificuldade de dormir foi de 43% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 37 - 49). De acordo com análises ajustadas, foram associados ao desfecho: sexo feminino (Odds Ratio = 2,08; IC95% 1,21 - 3,60), número de medicamentos por dia (Odds Ratio = 1,18; IC95% 1,05 - 1,33), autorrelato de déficit visual (Odds Ratio = 3,56; IC95% 1,54 - 8,25), autorrelato de déficit auditivo (Odds Ratio = 2,28; IC95% 1,18 - 4,41) e isolamento social (Odds Ratio = 2,01; IC95% 1,14 - 3,54). CONCLUSÕES: A definição dos principais fatores relacionados às queixas de insônia é relevante para auxiliar o planejamento dos cuidados e de políticas públicas, com isso visando melhorar a qualidade do sono nos indivíduos em processo de envelhecimento e na velhice.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors related to difficulty sleeping in adults and older people registered on the Family Health Strategy at Primary Care Health Centers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted in the town of Três Lagoas (MS, Brazil), with 300 people of both sexes, aged 45 years and over, registered on the town's Family Health Strategy. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographics, health, and social support networks. The dependent variable difficulty sleeping was assessed using the question: "Do you have difficulty sleeping?" Data were analyzed with binomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of difficulty sleeping was 43% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 37 - 49). According to the adjusted analyses, the following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (Odds Ratio = 2.08; 95%CI 1.21 - 3.60); number of medications per day (Odds Ratio = 1.18; 95%CI 1.05 - 1.33); self-report of visual impairment (Odds Ratio = 3.56; 95%CI 1.54 - 8.25); self-report of hearing loss (Odds Ratio = 2.28; 95%CI 1.18 - 4.41); and social isolation (Odds Ratio = 2.01; 95%CI 1.14 - 3.54). CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the principal factors related to complaints of insomnia is of relevance to support planning of care and of public policies, targeting improved sleep quality in people going through the aging process and beyond.